Difference Between Bsl And Asl

Decoding the Differences: British Sign Language (BSL) vs. American Sign Language (ASL)

Are you fascinated by the world of sign languages? Perhaps you're considering learning to sign, or maybe you're just curious about the variations between different sign languages. This article delves into the key distinctions between British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL), two of the most widely used sign languages globally. While both languages utilize hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning, they are distinct languages with unique grammatical structures, vocabulary, and cultural contexts. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective communication and appreciating the rich diversity within the world of sign languages. We'll explore the historical development, grammatical structures, vocabulary, and cultural nuances that set BSL and ASL apart.

A Brief History: Divergent Paths to Development

Both BSL and ASL have fascinating histories, but their development paths diverged significantly, leading to their current distinct forms.

British Sign Language (BSL): BSL's origins are complex and not fully documented. However, it's believed to have evolved from a mixture of local sign systems used in Britain throughout history. Unlike many other sign languages, BSL wasn't significantly influenced by French Sign Language (LSF). This independence contributed to its unique grammatical structure and vocabulary. Over time, BSL developed its own distinct regional dialects, reflecting the linguistic diversity within the United Kingdom. The establishment of deaf schools in the 18th and 19th centuries played a pivotal role in standardizing BSL to some extent, though significant regional variation persists.

American Sign Language (ASL): ASL's history is comparatively better documented. It primarily evolved from French Sign Language (LSF) brought to North America by deaf educators in the early 19th century. These educators, primarily from the Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets de Paris, established schools for the deaf in the United States. Consequently, ASL shares a significant number of signs with LSF, though it has since developed its own distinct vocabulary and grammatical structures. The influence of LSF is still evident today in ASL's grammatical features and some of its core vocabulary. However, the evolution of ASL in a different socio-cultural context led to significant divergence from its French ancestor.

Grammatical Structures: A Tale of Two Languages

While both BSL and ASL are visual-gestural languages, their grammatical structures differ substantially. These differences extend beyond simple vocabulary variations and encompass fundamental aspects of sentence construction and word order.

Word Order: ASL generally follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) word order, similar to English. For example, "The cat chased the mouse" would be signed with the sign for "cat" first, then "chased," and finally "mouse." BSL, on the other hand, demonstrates more flexibility in word order. While SVO is common, BSL can utilize different word orders depending on the context and emphasis desired. This flexibility allows for a greater range of stylistic expression.

Morphology: Morphology, the study of word formation, also showcases key distinctions. ASL utilizes a system of spatial modification to convey grammatical relations. For instance, the location of signs in signing space can indicate grammatical roles like subject and object. BSL, while employing some spatial elements, relies less extensively on spatial modification for grammatical function. Instead, BSL uses a more nuanced system of non-manual markers, including facial expressions and body movements, to convey grammatical information.

Agreement Verbs: Both languages utilize agreement verbs, where the verb's movement or orientation reflects the grammatical subject and object. However, the types of agreement and the ways they are implemented differ. In ASL, agreement verbs often involve directional movements of the hands, indicating the direction of action towards the subject or object. BSL agreement verbs might use handshape changes or different movements, depending on the verb and the context.

Classifiers: Both BSL and ASL utilize classifiers, handshapes that represent the shape, size, or movement of objects. These classifiers are integral to describing objects and actions. However, the specific classifier systems and their usage can vary between the two languages.

Vocabulary: A World of Different Signs

While some signs might appear similar between BSL and ASL, a significant portion of the vocabulary is unique. Even signs that share a superficial resemblance often have subtle differences in handshape, movement, or facial expression that alter their meaning. Direct translation between the two languages is frequently impossible, requiring a deeper understanding of both linguistic systems. The differences in vocabulary reflect the independent development and unique cultural influences on each language.

Cultural Context: Reflecting National Identities

Beyond grammatical structures and vocabulary, the cultural contexts of BSL and ASL significantly influence their use and interpretation. The cultural norms and values embedded within each language contribute to its distinct character.

Deaf Communities: The deaf communities in the UK and the US, while sharing a common goal of preserving and promoting their respective sign languages, have distinct histories, organizational structures, and cultural practices. These differences are reflected in the language itself.

Social Practices: Even seemingly minor aspects, like the use of personal space during signing, can vary significantly. Cultural norms regarding eye contact, body posture, and overall interaction style contribute to the unique feel and flow of conversation in each language.

Humor and Idioms: Humor and idiomatic expressions are deeply ingrained in the cultural fabric of any language. BSL and ASL possess unique forms of humor and idiomatic expressions that reflect the cultural values and perspectives of their respective deaf communities.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Can I learn BSL and then easily learn ASL?

A: While learning one sign language provides a foundation in understanding the general principles of visual-gestural communication, BSL and ASL are distinct languages. Learning one will not automatically translate to fluency in the other. Significant study and practice are required to master each language independently.

Q: Are there any similarities between BSL and ASL?

A: Yes, both languages share the fundamental characteristic of utilizing handshapes, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. However, the specific ways in which these elements are combined and the overall grammatical structures differ significantly. Some signs might share superficial resemblance, but often with subtle differences in execution.

Q: Which language is "better" to learn?

A: There is no "better" language; it depends on your individual goals and circumstances. If you live in the UK and wish to communicate with the British Deaf community, BSL is the obvious choice. Similarly, ASL is the appropriate language for interacting with the Deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada.

Q: Are there online resources for learning BSL and ASL?

A: Yes, many online resources are available for learning both BSL and ASL, including websites, videos, and applications. However, it’s advisable to supplement online learning with in-person classes or interactions with native signers for optimal fluency.

Conclusion: Embracing the Diversity of Sign Languages

British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL), despite their shared use of visual-gestural communication, are distinct and vibrant languages. Their differing historical trajectories, grammatical structures, vocabularies, and cultural contexts highlight the rich diversity within the global landscape of sign languages. Understanding these differences is crucial for fostering effective cross-cultural communication and appreciating the unique linguistic and cultural heritage of the Deaf communities that utilize these languages. Learning to sign, whether BSL or ASL, is a rewarding experience that opens doors to a world of communication and cultural understanding. While challenges exist in the learning process, the rich tapestry of expressions and the invaluable connections forged within the deaf community make the journey immensely worthwhile. Embrace the journey of learning, celebrate the diversity, and let the expressive power of these languages enrich your life.