Other Words For Sign Language

Beyond "Sign Language": Exploring the Nuances of Non-Vocal Communication

Sign language, a term often used broadly, actually encompasses a rich tapestry of visual communication systems. Understanding the various terms and their subtle differences is crucial for accurate representation and respectful communication with the Deaf community. This article delves into the diverse vocabulary used to describe these systems, examining the nuances and contexts where each term is most appropriate. We'll explore the history, variations, and the importance of choosing the right terminology.

Understanding the Scope of Non-Vocal Communication

The term "sign language" itself is a broad generalization. It's akin to saying "language" without specifying whether it's English, Spanish, or Mandarin. Just as there are numerous spoken languages, there are numerous sign languages, each with its own unique grammar, vocabulary, and regional dialects. Therefore, simply saying "sign language" lacks precision and can be misleading.

To illustrate the complexity, consider the following:

• Signed languages: This is a more accurate and inclusive term. It emphasizes that these are fully developed languages, distinct from spoken languages, with their own grammatical structures and linguistic properties. American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), and Auslan (Australian Sign Language) are examples of signed languages. Each is distinct and mutually unintelligible.

• Gestural communication systems: This broader category encompasses various forms of communication relying on gestures, but which are not fully developed languages in the same way signed languages are. These systems may include:

  • Home signs: These are systems of gestures developed within families, often used by hearing families with Deaf children before they have access to formal sign language education. They are usually simpler and less systematic than full-fledged sign languages.
  • Manually coded English: These are systems that represent English words or phrases using handshapes that correspond to letters or words. They are not independent languages; their grammatical structure mirrors that of English. Examples include Signed Exact English (SEE) and Seeing Essential English (SEE2).
  • Cued speech: This combines handshapes representing consonants with lip patterns for vowels. It's designed to help Deaf individuals understand spoken English, but it's not a language in itself.
  • Fingerspelling: This involves spelling out words letter by letter using handshapes representing the alphabet. While helpful for specific words or proper nouns, it's not efficient for fluent conversation.

• Sign systems: This is a more general term that can refer to any system of communication using signs, encompassing both fully developed signed languages and simpler gestural systems.

Why Precise Terminology Matters

Using accurate terminology is not just a matter of linguistic correctness; it's a matter of respect and inclusivity. Referring to signed languages as simply "sign language" minimizes their complexity and status as fully developed languages. It's akin to referring to all spoken languages as simply "language."

The Deaf community advocates for the use of specific names for individual signed languages (e.g., ASL, BSL, Auslan). This reflects the unique cultural and linguistic identities associated with each language. Using the correct terminology demonstrates an understanding and appreciation for this diversity. Furthermore, using terms like "hearing-impaired" or "deaf and dumb" are outdated and offensive, and it's crucial to use person-first language such as "person who is Deaf" or "Deaf person". The choice of using a capital "D" in "Deaf" signifies the Deaf community's pride in their cultural identity.

Exploring the Semantic Field: Synonyms and Related Terms

While "signed language" is the most accurate general term, other phrases convey related meanings, though with slightly different connotations:

• Visual language: This emphasizes the visual modality of communication, highlighting the reliance on sight instead of hearing.
• Non-vocal language: This clearly distinguishes it from spoken language, focusing on the lack of vocalization.
• Manual language: This emphasizes the use of hands and body movements in communication.
• Gestural language: This term is broader, encompassing a wider range of communication methods that utilize gestures, including signed languages but also other less structured systems.
• Dactylology: This refers specifically to fingerspelling, the process of spelling words using handshapes that represent letters of the alphabet.
• Sign communication: This is a broader term that encompasses the use of signs in communication, including both formal signed languages and more informal systems.

The Historical Context of Terminology

The evolution of terminology surrounding sign languages reflects changing attitudes towards Deaf individuals and their communication systems. Historically, sign languages were often dismissed as inferior or incomplete forms of communication. Terms like "deaf and dumb" or "mute" were commonly used, reflecting a societal perception of Deaf individuals as lacking intellect or communicative ability. This stigmatizing language is now thankfully outdated and should be avoided at all costs.

The increasing recognition of signed languages as fully developed languages with their own rich grammatical structures and linguistic features has led to a shift towards more respectful and accurate terminology. The preference for the term "signed language" or specific language names (like "American Sign Language") reflects a growing understanding and appreciation of the linguistic diversity within the Deaf community.

Practical Considerations: Choosing the Right Words

Choosing the appropriate term depends on the context. In academic settings or when discussing the linguistic properties of signed languages, using "signed languages" or the name of a specific language (e.g., ASL) is essential. In more informal settings, "sign language" might be acceptable, but it's always better to be precise whenever possible.

When referring to systems of communication that are not fully developed languages, such as home signs or manually coded English, it's important to use the specific term for that system. Vague terms can lead to misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the communication methods used by Deaf individuals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Is sign language universal?

A: No, sign languages are not universal. Just as there are many spoken languages, there are many different sign languages, each unique to a particular region or culture. ASL, BSL, and Auslan, for example, are all distinct and mutually unintelligible.

Q: Can anyone learn sign language?

A: Yes, anyone can learn a signed language. However, it requires dedicated effort, practice, and ideally, immersion in the Deaf community.

Q: Is sign language more difficult to learn than spoken languages?

A: The difficulty of learning a signed language compared to a spoken language is subjective and depends on individual learning styles and prior linguistic experiences. Some find the visual aspects of signed languages easier to grasp, while others find the grammatical structures more challenging.

Q: What is the difference between ASL and other sign languages?

A: ASL is the primary signed language used in the United States and parts of Canada. It's structurally and lexically distinct from other signed languages such as BSL (British Sign Language), Auslan (Australian Sign Language), and many others around the world. They are not mutually intelligible.

Q: How can I learn more about different sign languages?

A: Many resources are available online and in libraries. You can search for specific sign language names (e.g., "American Sign Language resources") to find dictionaries, websites, and videos. Connecting with local Deaf communities and organizations is also a valuable way to learn more about signed languages and Deaf culture.

Conclusion

The terms used to describe non-vocal communication systems are critical for accurate and respectful communication. While "sign language" is often used, it's crucial to strive for greater precision. Using terms like "signed languages," along with specific language names, acknowledges the diversity and complexity of these communication systems. Understanding the nuances of terminology demonstrates respect for the Deaf community and their rich linguistic heritage. By embracing accurate and inclusive language, we foster better understanding and communication between Deaf and hearing individuals, celebrating the vibrant tapestry of human communication in all its forms. Using the correct terminology is not just about linguistic accuracy; it’s about recognizing and celebrating the unique cultural and linguistic identity of the Deaf community. Remember, language shapes our understanding of the world, and using accurate and respectful language shapes our understanding of and relationship with the Deaf community.